Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences

Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences

Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences Second edition Peter Atkins Professor of Chemistry, Oxford University Julio de Paula Professor of Chemistry, Lewis & Clark College W. H. Freeman and Company New York This page intentionally left blank Contents in brief Prolog Fundamentals xxi 1 PART 1 Biochemical thermodynamics 21 1 2 3 4 5 The First Law The Second Law Phase equilibria Chemical equilibrium Thermodynamics of ion and electron transport 23 69 94 135 181 PART 2 The kinetics of life processes 217 6 The rates of reactions 7 Accounting for the rate laws 8 Complex biochemical processes 219 243 273 PART 3 Biomolecular structure 9 Microscopic systems and quantization 10 The chemical bond 11 Macromolecules and self-assembly PART 4 Biochemical spectroscopy 12 Optical spectroscopy and photobiology 13 Magnetic resonance 311 313 364 407 461 463 514 Resource section 1 Atlas of structures 2 Units 3 Data 546 558 560 Answers to odd-numbered exercises Index of Tables Index 573 577 579 This page intentionally left blank Full contents Prolog xxi The structure of physical chemistry xxi (a) The organization of science xxi (b) The organization of our presentation xxii Applications of physical chemistry to biology and medicine (a) Techniques for the study of biological systems xxii 1.4 The measurement of heat 32 (a) Heat capacity 33 (b) The molecular interpretation of heat capacity 34 Internal energy and enthalpy 1.5 The internal energy (a) Changes in internal energy xxii 34 35 35 (b) Protein folding xxiii Example 1.1 Calculating the change in internal energy (c) Rational drug design xxv (b) The internal energy as a state function 37 (d) Biological energy conversion xxv (c) The First Law of thermodynamics 38 1.6 The enthalpy 36 38 Fundamentals 1 (a) The definition of enthalpy 39 F.1 Atoms, ions, and molecules 1 (b) Changes in enthalpy 39 (c) The temperature dependence of the enthalpy 41 (a) Bonding and nonbonding interactions 1 (b) Structural and functional units 2 (c) Levels of struc

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