Molecular Imaging Of Small Animals Instrumentation And Applications

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Table of Contents

• Contents (p.6)
• Contributors (p.10)
• 1 Introduction (p.14)
• 2 Basic Scintillator Concepts (p.15)
• 3 Basic Scintillator Geometries (p.21)
• 4 Types of Scintillators (p.24)
• 5 Summary (p.31)
• References (p.32)
• 1 Introduction (p.35)
• 2 Semiconductor Based Imaging Detectors (p.41)
• 3 Imaging Requirements of SPECT and PET Small-Animal Scanners (p.51)
• 4 CdTe and CdZnTe Semiconductor Detectors (p.55)
• 5 Semiconductor Based SPECT Scanners for Small-Animal Imaging (p.57)
• 6 Semiconductor Detectors for Small-Animal PET (p.71)
• 7 Summary (p.86)
• References (p.87)
• 1 Introduction (p.95)
• 2 Some Comments on Resolution Issues (p.101)
• 3 General Principle of Photon Detection (p.104)
• 4 Classical Readout Using PMTs (p.105)
• 5 Readout with Solid State Photo Sensors Without Internal Gain (p.110)
• 6 Solid State Photon Detectors with Internal Amplification (p.114)
• 7 Additional Comments (p.140)
• 8 Outlook (p.142)
• References (p.143)
• 1 Introduction (p.147)
• 2 Design Principles (p.149)
• 3 System Design (p.154)
• 4 SPECT Image Reconstruction (p.168)
• 5 State-of-the-Art Pre-clinical SPECT Systems (p.169)
• 6 Summary and Future Perspectives (p.170)
• References (p.171)
• 1 Introduction (p.175)
• 2 Specific Performance Requirements (p.177)
• 3 Detector Designs (p.185)
• 4 State-of-the-Art Preclinical Systems (p.194)
• 5 Summary (p.195)
• References (p.196)
• 1 Introduction (p.200)
• 2 Rationale for Use of Small-Animal CT (p.202)
• 3 Types of Small-Animal CT Approaches (p.204)
• 4 Technical Issues (p.217)
• 5 Radiation Exposure (p.218)
• 6 Conclusions (p.218)
• References (p.219)
• 1 Introduction (p.222)
• 2 Background to Magnetic Resonance (p.222)
• 3 The MRI Scanner (p.227)
• 4 Advanced MRI Methods and Instrumentation for Molecular Imaging (p.246)
• 5 Summary (p.249)
• References (p.250)
• 1 Introduction (p.252)
• 2 Optical Probes (p.253)
• 3 Planar Optical Molecular Imaging (p.256)
• 4 Multi-Modality for Optical Molecular Tomography (p.259)
• 5 System Architecture (p.262)
• 6 Optical Molecular Tomography Algorithms (p.268)
• 7 Biomedical Applications (p.275)
• 8 Summary (p.277)
• References (p.277)
• 1 Introduction (p.285)
• 2 Radionuclides for Molecular Imaging (p.287)
• 3 Application of Radiotracers as Molecular Imaging Probes (p.294)
• 4 Summary (p.311)
• References (p.311)
• 1 Introduction (p.329)
• 2 General Principles of Image Registration and Fusion (p.330)
• 3 Software Methods for Image Registration (p.331)
• 4 Impact of Non-simultaneity of Multi-Modality Image Acquisition (p.338)
• 5 Special Considerations of Small-Animal Image Registration (p.338)
• 6 Illustrative Examples of Small-Animal Image Registrations (p.340)
• 7 Concluding Remarks (p.344)
• References (p.345)
• 1 Rationale for Dual-Modality SPECT/PET (p.346)
• 2 Instrumentation for Dual-Modality SPECT/PET (p.347)
• 3 Examples of Dockable and Combined SPECT/PET Instrumentation (p.349)
• 4 Simultaneous SPECT/PET (p.352)
• 5 Summary (p.357)
• References (p.357)
• 1 Limitations of Standalone Preclinical SPECT (p.359)
• 2 Preclinical SPECT Combined with CT (p.360)
• 3 Historical Perspective on Dual-Modality Preclinical SPECT/CT Developments (p.363)
• 4 Design Considerations of Dual-Modality Preclinical SPECT/CT (p.363)
• 5 Applications of Dual-Modality Preclinical SPECT/CT (p.367)
• 6 Perspectives on Future Developments (p.370)
• References (p.371)
• 1 Introduction (p.374)
• 2 Development of Preclinical PET/CT Systems (p.375)
• 3 Current Approaches to Preclinical PET/CT Imaging (p.377)
• 4 Integration of PET and CT Data (p.383)
• 5 Applications of Preclinical PET/CT Imaging (p.386)
• 6 Future Directions of Preclinical PET/CT (p.386)
• References (p.387)
• 1 Introduction (p.394)
• 2 SPECT/MRI Applications (p.395)
• 3 Nuclear Imaging: SPECT and PET (p.399)
• 4 Review of SPECT/MRI Development Efforts (p.401)
• 5 Detector Technologies for Simultaneous SPECT/MRI (p.403)
• 6 Summary (p.411)
• References (p.412)
• 1 Introduction (p.415)
• 2 Instrumentation Development (p.416)
• 3 Current Instrumentation (p.422)
• 4 MRI and PET Data Acquisition System Interactions (p.432)
• 5 Prospects for the Future (p.439)
• 6 Summary (p.446)
• References (p.447)
• 1 Motivation (p.452)
• 2 Instrumentation Concepts (p.458)
• References (p.467)
• 1 Introduction (p.471)
• 2 Advances in Image Reconstruction Strategies (p.472)
• 3 Scatter Modeling and Correction (p.478)
• 4 Attenuation Compensation (p.482)
• 5 Partial Volume Effect Correction (p.486)
• 6 Issues Pertaining to Quantification and Kinetic Modelling (p.487)
• 7 Summary and Future Directions (p.491)
• References (p.491)
• 1 Introduction (p.499)
• 2 Anesthesia (p.500)
• 3 Temperature (p.502)
• 4 Injection Methods (p.504)
• 5 Animal Access (p.508)
• 6 Circadian Rhythm Effects (p.509)
• 7 Reproducible Positioning and Multimodality Imaging (p.510)
• 8 Respiratory and Cardiac Gating (p.512)
• 9 Immune Compromised Animals (p.513)
• 10 Biohazardous and Infective Work (p.514)
• 11 Contrast Agents (p.515)
• 12 Diet (p.516)
• 13 Database and Archival Strategies (p.517)
• 14 Summary (p.518)
• References (p.519)
• 1 Introduction (p.521)
• 2 Applications in Neurology (p.524)
• 3 Applications in Psychiatry (p.537)
• 4 Conclusion (p.541)
• References (p.541)
• 1 Introduction (p.551)
• 2 Imaging in Common Pathophysiological Processes (p.552)
• 3 Molecular Imaging of Cardiovascular Pathology (p.561)
• 4 Summary (p.578)
• References (p.580)
• 1 Introduction (p.589)
• 2 Identifying Molecular Targets for Molecular Imaging Contrast Agents in Oncology (p.598)
• 3 Molecular Imaging Modalities Used in Small-Animal Imaging of Oncology (p.604)
• 4 Molecular Imaging for Development, Monitoring, and Delivery of Cancer Therapy (p.623)
• 5 Conclusions and Future Directions (p.627)
• References (p.628)
• 1 Introduction (p.641)
• 2 Imaging Tools (p.642)
• 3 Radiopharmaceuticals (p.649)
• 4 Animal Models (p.660)
• 5 Small-Animal Imaging in Inflammation and Infection (p.666)
• 6 Extrapolation of Animal Results to Human Studies (p.678)
• 7 Conclusions (p.680)
• References (p.680)
• 1 Introduction (p.688)
• 2 Direct Imaging for Small Animal Molecular Imaging (p.691)
• 3 Reporter Gene Imaging for Small Animal Molecular Imaging (p.695)
• 4 Multimodality Imaging for Small Animal Molecular Imaging (p.704)
• 5 Application of Small-Animal Molecular Imaging (p.705)
• 6 Conclusion (p.710)
• References (p.710)
• 1 Introduction (p.717)
• 2 Overview of Drug Development (p.718)
• 3 Small Animal Molecular Imaging (p.719)
• 4 Applicatons of SAMI in Drug Development (p.721)
• 5 Conclusions and Perspectives (p.742)
• References (p.744)
• 1 Multimodality Imaging: Clinical Perspective (p.755)
• 2 The Promise of Preclinical Multimodality Imaging (p.757)
• 3 Challenges of Multimodality Preclinical Imaging (p.759)
• 4 Summary and Future Directions (p.760)
• References (p.761)
• ... and 43 more chapters

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