Dairy Microbiology A Practical Approach

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Table of Contents

• Preface (p.7)
• Contents (p.8)
• 1 Introduction (p.19)
• 2 Factors Responsible for Climate Change (p.20)
• 3 Climate Change and Aquatic Environment (p.23)
• 4 Climate Change and Plankton (p.25)
• 5 Climate Change and Benthic Community (p.26)
• 6 Climate Change and Fish Production (p.26)
• 7 Impact on Inland Ecosystem (p.27)
• 8 Impact on Marine Ecosystem (p.28)
• 9 Impact on Aquaculture (p.30)
• 10 Adaptations and Their Implications (p.31)
• 11 Conclusion (p.32)
• References (p.33)
• 1 Introduction (p.39)
• 2 Ocean Alkalinity (p.39)
• 3 Marine Buffer System (p.40)
• 4 Climate Change (p.41)
• 5 Ocean Acidification (p.41)
• 6 The Rise in Sea Surface Temperature (p.43)
• 7 Oxygen Depletion (p.43)
• 8 Impact on Marine Ecosystem (p.43)
• 9 Impact on Human Health (p.44)
• 10 Conclusion (p.44)
• References (p.46)
• 1 Introduction (p.49)
• 2 Impact on Hydrology (p.49)
• 3 Ecological Impacts of Thermal Regimes on Aquatic Fauna (p.51)
• 4 Impact on Fishing (p.52)
• 5 Conclusion (p.53)
• References (p.54)
• 1 Introduction (p.57)
• 2 Climate Change: Present Scenario (p.58)
• 3 Observations in Climate Change (p.58)
• 4 Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Habitat (p.59)
• 5 Positive Impact on Fisheries (p.59)
• 6 The Effects of Metabolic Stress (p.59)
• 7 Other Impacts (p.60)
• 8 Future Predictions (p.60)
• 9 Steps for Sustainable Development Goals (p.61)
• 10 Conclusion (p.61)
• References (p.61)
• 1 Introduction (p.63)
• 2 Cause and Concerns of Global Warming (p.64)
• 3 Climate Change and Aquatic Biodiversity (p.66)
• 4 Climate Change and Freshwater Ecosystems (p.66)
• 5 Climate Change Impact on Fishing and Aquaculture (p.70)
• 6 Adaptation and Mitigation Options (p.71)
• 7 Conclusion (p.73)
• References (p.73)
• 1 Introduction (p.77)
• 2 Coral Reefs and Global Climate Change (p.78)
• 3 Effect of Climate Change on Coral Diseases (p.80)
• 4 Effects of Climate Change on Coral Reef Fishes (p.81)
• 5 Measures to Protect Coral Reefs from Climatic Impacts (p.81)
• 6 Pyramid of Conservation (p.84)
• 7 Conclusion (p.85)
• References (p.85)
• 1 Introduction (p.89)
• 2 Effect of Climate Change on Fisheries (p.90)
• 3 Impacts of Climate Change on the Livelihood (p.92)
• 4 Food Security (p.93)
• 5 Policy for Sustainable Food Security (p.94)
• 6 Activities to Increase the Resilience of Livelihoods (p.94)
• 7 Conclusion (p.96)
• References (p.96)
• 1 Introduction (p.99)
• 2 Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems (p.99)
• 3 Impact on Fish Availability and Fish Production (p.100)
• 4 Impact on Fisheries and Aquaculture (p.101)
• 5 Impact on Inland Fisheries (p.101)
• 6 Impact on Biodiversity (p.102)
• 7 Impact on Fishing Communities (p.102)
• 8 Vulnerability and Resilience (p.104)
• 9 Adaptation and Mitigation of the Impacts of Climate Change (p.104)
• 10 Adaptation in Fisheries Management (p.105)
• 11 Building Adaptive Capacity (p.105)
• 12 Adaptation in Aquaculture Practices (p.106)
• 13 Gender Aspect to Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity (p.107)
• 14 Mitigation (p.107)
• 15 Conclusion (p.108)
• References (p.108)
• 1 Introduction (p.112)
• 2 Gut Microbiota (p.112)
• 3 Origin and Sources of Gut Microbes (p.112)
• 4 Diversity of Gut Microbes (p.113)
• 5 Physiological Roles of Gut Microbiota (p.119)
• 6 Adaptive Strategy for Climatic Variability (p.120)
• 7 Next-Generation Sequencing Study of Gut Microbes (p.122)
• 8 Conclusion (p.122)
• References (p.122)
• 1 Introduction (p.133)
• 2 Climate Change Effects on Fish and Fisheries (p.133)
• 3 Effect of Climate Change on the Metabolic Pathway (p.134)
• 4 Enzymatic Adaptation Due to Consequences of Climate Change (p.135)
• 5 Metabolic Adaptation in Temperature Fluctuation (p.136)
• 6 Metabolic Adaptation in Hypoxia Condition (p.137)
• 7 Metabolic Adaptation in a Change in Water pH (p.138)
• 8 Conclusion (p.140)
• References (p.141)
• 1 Introduction (p.145)
• 2 General Description of Argulus (p.146)
• 3 Effects of Changing Thermal Regimes on Argulus Life-History Traits (p.147)
• 4 Effects of Changing Thermal Regimes on Hosts Infested with Argulus (p.155)
• 5 Argulus Parasitism and Co-infection in Changing Thermal Regimes (p.157)
• 6 Conclusion (p.158)
• References (p.158)
• 1 Introduction (p.165)
• 2 Pigmentation/Coloration in Fishes (p.165)
• 3 Sources of Melatonin Production (p.166)
• 4 Mechanism of Melanin Production (p.166)
• 5 Role of Temperature on Melatonin Biosynthesis (p.167)
• 6 Effects of Melatonin on Fishes (p.168)
• 7 Color Changes (p.169)
• 8 Environmental Factors Affecting Color Change (p.170)
• 9 Hormone Regulators (p.173)
• 10 Neuronal Control (p.173)
• 11 Impact of Malpigmentation on Aquaculture (p.174)
• 12 Pigment Abnormalities (p.174)
• 13 Based on Nutrition (p.174)
• 14 Based on Genetics (p.175)
• 15 Conclusion (p.176)
• References (p.176)
• 1 Introduction: Climate Change and Aquatic Systems (p.183)
• 2 Stress Response in Fish (p.183)
• 3 Endocrine Response to Climate Change (p.184)
• 4 Osmotic Stress Response (p.185)
• 5 Role of Heat Shock Proteins (p.186)
• 6 Conclusion (p.187)
• References (p.187)
• 1 Introduction (p.191)
• 2 Classification (p.192)
• 3 Biotoxin Properties (p.192)
• 4 Prevalence of Marine Biotoxins (p.197)
• 5 Climate Change and Occurrence of Biotoxins (p.197)
• 6 Effect of Climatic Conditions and Emergence of Biotoxins (p.198)
• 7 Emergence of Biotoxin Derivatives (p.199)
• 8 Analysis of Biotoxins (p.200)
• 9 Mitigation for Biotoxins (p.201)
• 10 Conclusion (p.201)
• References (p.202)
• 1 Introduction (p.208)
• 2 Atri Hot Spring: Nature´s Own Laboratory for Global Warming Research (p.209)
• 3 Amino Acids as Important Metabolites (p.209)
• 4 Changes in Amino Acid Metabolome of Channa striatus Under High Temperature Stress (p.210)
• 5 Epilogue (p.213)
• References (p.214)
• 1 Introduction (p.217)
• 2 The Implications of Climate Change on Aquaculture and Fisheries (p.217)
• 3 Challenges in Nutrition Utilization in Changing Climate (p.220)
• 4 Feed and Feeding Strategies to Mitigate Climate Change Stress (p.221)
• 5 Nutritional Programming (p.230)
• 6 Conclusion (p.234)
• References (p.234)
• 1 Introduction (p.242)
• 2 Disease Caused by Pathogens (p.243)
• 3 Infectious Disease in Aquaculture (p.244)
• 4 Nutritional Diseases (p.244)
• 5 Protein Deficiency Diseases (p.249)
• 6 Lipid Deficiency Diseases (p.250)
• 7 Carbohydrate Deficiency Diseases (p.250)
• 8 Vitamin Deficiency Diseases (p.251)
• 9 Mineral DeficiencyDiseases (p.251)
• 10 Options for Climate Change Adaptations in Aquaculture Through Functional Foods (p.254)
• 11 Functional Feeds Used in Aquaculture (p.254)
• 12 Nutri-Enzyme in Aquafeed (p.262)
• 13 Conclusion (p.266)
• References (p.266)
• 1 Introduction (p.273)
• 2 Nutritional Requirements of Fish (p.275)
• 3 Existing Practices of Feed Management and Scope of Upscaling (p.278)
• 4 Temperature Rise Impact on Fish Physiology (p.278)
• 5 Smart Practices and Technologies for Climate-Resilient Fish Production (p.279)
• 6 Integrated Farming System (p.283)
• 7 Re-Circulatory Aquaculture System (RAS) (p.283)
• 8 Biofloc-Based Aquaculture System (p.284)
• 9 Nutrient-Dense Small Indigenous Fish (SIF) (p.285)
• 10 Climate-Resilient Species Diversification (p.287)
• 11 Fish Feed Manufacturing and Management (p.288)
• 12 Conclusions (p.290)
• References (p.290)
• 1 Introduction (p.295)
• 2 Role of Catecholamines in Stress Response: Synthesis and Effects (p.296)
• 3 Effect of Stress on Growth and Reproduction in Fishes (p.296)
• 4 Stress and Nutrition in Fishes (p.298)
• 5 Conclusion (p.309)
• References (p.310)
• 1 Introduction (p.319)
• 2 Climate Change Impacts onAquaculture Nutrition (p.320)
• 3 Adaptation Strategies Related to Nutrition Management (p.322)
• 4 Conclusion (p.325)
• References (p.325)
• 1 Introduction (p.331)
• 2 Stressors and Other Challenges in AquaCulture Systems (p.331)
• 3 Mitigation Measures (p.333)
• 4 Precision Nutrition (p.338)
• 5 Genetic Selection of Species (p.339)
• 6 Conclusion (p.339)
• References (p.339)
• 1 Introduction (p.345)
• 2 Carbon Footprint from Modern Aquaculture (p.346)
• 3 Emissions from the Production of Feed Materials (p.348)
• 4 Emissions from the Transport of Feed Materials (p.348)
• 5 Emissions from Energy Use in the Feed Mill (p.349)
• 6 Emissions from Transport of Feed from Mill to Farm (p.349)
• 7 On-Farm Production of Duckweed and its Utilization as Feed (p.350)
• 8 Carbon Sequestration (p.352)
• 9 Circular Bio-Economy (p.352)
• 10 Importance of Circular Bio-Economy in Aquaculture (p.353)
• 11 Duckweed Aquaculture (Wollfia, Lemna, etc.) as a Model for Circular Bio-Economy (p.353)
• 12 Mitigation of Eutrophication and Wastewater by Duckweeds Culture (p.354)
• 13 Duckweed as Fish Feed (p.354)
• 14 Conclusion (p.355)
• References (p.356)
• 1 Introduction (p.360)
• 2 Impacts on Aquaculture Practices (p.361)
• 3 Nutritional Intervention: A Prospective Arena in Climate Change Adaptation (p.362)
• 4 Conclusion (p.365)
• References (p.366)
• 1 Introduction (p.372)
• 2 Natural Distribution and Biology (p.372)
• 3 Broodstock Management (p.374)
• 4 Captive Breeding (p.374)
• 5 Fry and Fingerlings Rearing (p.376)
• 6 Cannibalism and Its Management During Seed Rearing (p.377)
• References (p.378)
• 1 Introduction (p.381)
• 2 Fish Endocrinology and Breeding (p.381)
• 3 Impact of Climate Change on Aquatic Environment (p.382)
• 4 Environmental Stress and Fish Breeding (p.383)
• 5 Conclusion (p.390)
• References (p.390)
• 1 Introduction (p.400)
• 2 Consequences of Climate Change-Induced Environmental Changes on Fish Broodstock (p.401)
• 3 The Climate Change-Induced Environmental Changes on Fish Eggs/Larvae/Juveniles (p.402)
• 4 Climate-Resilient Broodstock Management Strategies (p.403)
• 5 Conclusion (p.406)
• References (p.406)
• 1 Introduction (p.411)
• 2 Aquaculture and Environment (p.411)
• 3 Nutrition and Waste Outputs in Aquaculture (p.414)
• 4 Evolution of Fish Feed in the Environmental Context (p.416)
• 5 Environmental Footprint of Feed (p.419)
• 6 Environmental Influence on Feed Utilization (p.422)
• 7 Nutritional Intervention to Mitigate Environmental Stressors (p.423)
• 8 Conclusion (p.423)
• References (p.424)
• 1 Introduction (p.426)
• 2 Nutritional Requirement of Brooders. Impact of the Climate on Feed Utilization) (p.427)
• 3 Sustainably Feeds and Ingredients for Brooders: Challenges and Obstacles in Feed Availability in Changing Climate Conditions (p.428)
• 4 Effect of Climate Condition on Reproduction (p.430)
• 5 Dietary Manipulation to Mitigate Extreme Warm Stress in Fish: Role of Some Feed Additives (p.431)
• References (p.433)
• ... and 1 more chapters

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