Radiology Of Birds An Atlas Of Normal Anatomy And Positioning

Master avian radiography with this essential visual guide to normal bird anatomy and proper positioning techniques. Designed for veterinarians, veterinary students, and technicians, this atlas builds the confidence needed to accurately interpret avian radiographs and avoid common diagnostic pitfalls. Through clear, labeled images and expert guidance, you will develop a strong foundational knowledge of avian skeletal and soft tissue anatomy essential for clinical practice. Instant digital download — start reading immediately.

Table of Contents

• Contributors (p.3)
• Preface (p.17)
• 1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels and Electrical Excitability of the Heart (p.19)
• References (p.27)
• 2 Calcium Channels in the Heart (p.30)
• References (p.37)
• 3 Voltage-Regulated Potassium Channels (p.40)
• References (p.48)
• 4 Structural and Molecular Bases of Cardiac Inward Rectifier Potassium Channel Function (p.50)
• References (p.58)
• 5 Mammalian Calcium Pumps in Health and Disease (p.59)
• References (p.68)
• 6 Structural and Molecular Bases of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ion Channel Function (p.70)
• References (p.81)
• 7 Structural and Molecular Bases of Mitochondrial Ion Channel Function (p.85)
• References (p.97)
• 8 Molecular Organization, Gating, and Function of Gap Junction Channels (p.99)
• References (p.106)
• 9 Biophysics of Normal and Abnormal Cardiac Sodium Channel Function (p.109)
• References (p.113)
• 10 Regulation of Cardiac Calcium Channels (p.116)
• References (p.124)
• 11 KCNQ1/KCNE1 Macromolecular Signaling Complex: (p.127)
• References (p.130)
• 12 Structural Determinants and Biophysical Properties of hERG1 Channel Gating (p.133)
• References (p.139)
• 13 Molecular Regulation of Cardiac Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels by Pharmacologic Agents (p.141)
• References (p.148)
• 14 Cardiac Stretch?Activated Channels and Mechano-Electric Coupling (p.150)
• References (p.159)
• 15 Biophysical Properties of Gap Junctions (p.161)
• References (p.169)
• 16 Excitation-Contraction Coupling (p.171)
• References (p.179)
• 17 Ion Channel Trafficking in the Heart (p.180)
• References (p.185)
• 18 Macromolecular Complexes and Regulation of the Sodium Channel Nav1.5 (p.188)
• References (p.195)
• 19 Calmodulin and CaMKII as Ca2+ Switches for Cardiac Ion Channels (p.198)
• References (p.203)
• 20 Macromolecular Complexes and Cardiac Potassium Channels (p.205)
• References (p.210)
• 21 Reciprocity of Cardiac Sodium and Potassium Channels in the Control of Excitability and Arrhythmias (p.213)
• References (p.221)
• 22 The Intercalated Disc: (p.223)
• References (p.233)
• 23 Scaffolding Proteins and Ion Channel Diseases (p.236)
• References (p.240)
• 24 Epigenetics in Cardiac Rhythm Diseases (p.242)
• References (p.247)
• 25 Cardiac Impulse Is Initiated by a Coupled System of Membrane Ion Channels and Ca2+ Cycling Proteins (p.249)
• References (p.257)
• 26 Biological Pacing (p.259)
• References (p.268)
• 27 Intercellular Communication and Impulse Propagation (p.270)
• References (p.278)
• 28 Mechanisms of Atrioventricular Nodal Excitability and Propagation (p.280)
• References (p.289)
• 29 Cell Biology of the Specialized Cardiac Conduction System (p.291)
• References (p.299)
• 30 Cardiac Fibroblasts and Arrhythmogenesis (p.301)
• References (p.311)
• 31 Ionic Mechanisms of Atrial Action Potentials (p.313)
• References (p.320)
• 32 Models of the Ventricular Action Potential in Health and Disease (p.323)
• References (p.332)
• 33 Calcium Signaling in Cardiomyocyte Models With Realistic Geometries (p.335)
• References (p.343)
• 34 Theory of Rotors and Arrhythmias (p.345)
• References (p.353)
• 35 Supraventricular Arrhythmias in a Realistic 3D Model of the Human Atria (p.355)
• References (p.362)
• 36 Cardiac Electromechanical Models (p.364)
• References (p.372)
• 37 CaV1.2 and β-Adrenergic Regulation of Cardiac Function (p.373)
• References (p.380)
• 38 Cholinergic and Constitutive Regulation of Atrial Potassium Channel (p.384)
• References (p.391)
• 39 Pulmonary Vein Ganglia and the Neural Regulation of the Heart Rate (p.393)
• References (p.397)
• 40 Neural Activity and Atrial Tachyarrhythmias (p.399)
• References (p.407)
• 41 Sympathetic Innervation, Denervation, and Cardiac Arrhythmias (p.408)
• References (p.414)
• 42 Dominant Frequency and the Mechanisms of Initiation and Maintenance of Atrial Fibrillation (p.417)
• References (p.428)
• 43 Rotors in Human Atrial Fibrillation (p.431)
• References (p.439)
• 44 Atrial Ischemia and Fibrillation (p.441)
• References (p.445)
• 45 The Molecular Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation (p.447)
• References (p.454)
• 46 Myofibroblasts, Cytokines, and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (p.457)
• References (p.463)
• 47 Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Atrial Fibrillation (p.466)
• References (p.470)
• 48 Mechanisms of Ventricular Tachycardia and Fibrillation (p.472)
• References (p.479)
• 49 Genetics of Atrial Fibrillation (p.480)
• References (p.485)
• 50 Mechanisms in Heritable Sodium Channel Diseases (p.488)
• References (p.494)
• 51 Inheritable Potassium Channel Disease (p.498)
• References (p.505)
• 52 Genetics and Cellular Mechanisms of the J Wave Syndromes (p.507)
• References (p.514)
• 53 Inheritable Phenotypes Associated With Altered Intracellular Calcium Regulation (p.516)
• References (p.522)
• 54 Pharmacologic Bases of Antiarrhythmic Therapy (p.524)
• References (p.534)
• 55 Pharmacogenomics of Cardiac Arrhythmias (p.536)
• References (p.541)
• 56 Optogenetic Control of Heart Muscle (p.543)
• References (p.550)
• 57 Cell Therapy and Regenerative Electrophysiology (p.552)
• References (p.558)
• 58 Assessment of the Patient With a Cardiac Arrhythmia (p.560)
• References (p.566)
• 59 Differential Diagnosis of Narrow and Wide Complex Tachycardias (p.567)
• References (p.572)
• 60 Mapping and Imaging (p.573)
• References (p.584)
• 61 CT and MRI for Electrophysiology (p.586)
• References (p.593)
• 62 Intracardiac Echocardiography for Electrophysiology (p.595)
• References (p.602)
• 63 Exercise-Induced Arrhythmias (p.603)
• References (p.608)
• 64 Cardiac Monitoring: (p.610)
• References (p.615)
• 65 Electrocardiographic Imaging in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome (p.617)
• References (p.622)
• 66 Head-up Tilt Table Testing (p.624)
• References (p.634)
• 67 Autonomic Testing and Cardiac Risk (p.636)
• References (p.642)
• 68 Monophasic Action Potential Recording (p.644)
• References (p.649)
• 69 T Wave Alternans* (p.651)
• References (p.661)
• 70 Noninvasive Electrocardiographic Imaging of Human Ventricular Arrhythmias and Electrophysiological Substrate (p.663)
• References (p.669)
• 71 Genetic Testing (p.671)
• References (p.676)
• 72 Sinus Node Abnormalities (p.677)
• References (p.682)
• 73 Atrial Tachycardia (p.684)
• References (p.705)
• 74 Typical and Atypical Atrial Flutter: (p.708)
• References (p.721)
• 75 Atrial Fibrillation: (p.723)
• References (p.736)
• 76 Preexcitation, Atrioventricular Reentry, and Variants (p.739)
• References (p.749)
• 77 Electrophysiological Characteristics of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: (p.750)
• References (p.770)
• 78 Atrial Tachyarrhythmias in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease (p.771)
• References (p.780)
• 79 Junctional Tachycardia (p.782)
• References (p.787)
• 80 Premature Ventricular Complexes (p.789)
• References (p.792)
• 81 Outflow Tract Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias: (p.794)
• References (p.802)
• 82 Fascicular Ventricular Arrhythmias (p.805)
• References (p.811)
• 83 Bundle Branch Reentry Tachycardia (p.812)
• References (p.823)
• 84 Ischemic Heart Disease (p.825)
• References (p.833)
• 85 Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy (p.834)
• References (p.845)
• 86 Ventricular Arrhythmias in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (p.847)
• References (p.856)
• 87 Ventricular Tachycardias in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy (p.858)
• References (p.868)
• 88 VTs in Catecholaminergic Cardiomyopathy Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (p.869)
• References (p.875)
• 89 Ventricular Arrhythmias in Heart Failure (p.877)
• References (p.885)
• 90 Ventricular Tachycardia in Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy (p.887)
• References (p.892)
• 91 Ventricular Arrhythmias in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (p.893)
• References (p.897)
• 92 Brugada Syndrome 1992?2012: (p.899)
• References (p.906)
• 93 Long and Short QT Syndromes (p.908)
• References (p.918)
• 94 Andersen-Tawil Syndrome (p.920)
• References (p.924)
• 95 Timothy Syndrome (p.926)
• References (p.930)
• 96 J Wave Syndromes (p.931)
• References (p.936)
• 97 Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation (p.938)
• References (p.943)
• 98 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (p.945)
• References (p.949)
• 99 Sudden Cardiac Death in Adults (p.950)
• References (p.960)
• 100 Arrhythmias in Patients With Neurologic Disorders (p.961)
• References (p.966)
• 101 Drug-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia (p.968)
• References (p.975)
• 102 Ventricular Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease (p.976)
• References (p.985)
• 103 Syncope (p.987)
• References (p.992)
• 104 Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (p.994)
• References (p.999)
• 105 Progressive Conduction System Disease (p.1000)
• References (p.1006)
• 106 Atrioventricular Block (p.1008)
• References (p.1014)
• 107 Sex Differences in Arrhythmias (p.1015)
• References (p.1023)
• 108 Sudden Cardiac Deaths in Athletes, Including Commotio Cordis (p.1024)
• References (p.1033)
• 109 Arrhythmias in Pediatric Population (p.1036)
• References (p.1047)
• 110 Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Arrhythmias (p.1050)
• References (p.1056)
• 111 Standard Antiarrhythmic Drugs (p.1057)
• References (p.1070)
• 112 New Antiarrhythmic Drugs and New Concepts for Old Drugs (p.1073)
• References (p.1079)
• 113 Impact of Nontraditional Antiarrhythmic Drugs on Sudden Cardiac Death (p.1082)
• References (p.1089)
• 114 Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (p.1090)
• References (p.1097)
• 115 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: (p.1099)
• References (p.1109)
• 116 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: (p.1111)
• References (p.1124)
• 117 Implantable Pacemakers (p.1126)
• References (p.1136)
• 118 Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (p.1137)
• References (p.1147)
• 119 Newer Applications of Pacemakers (p.1148)
• References (p.1153)
• 120 Catheter Ablation: (p.1155)
• References (p.1162)
• 121 Catheter Ablation: (p.1164)
• References (p.1177)
• 122 Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation (p.1180)
• References (p.1192)
• 123 Ablation of Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias (p.1194)
• References (p.1202)
• 124 Catheter Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Structural Heart Disease (p.1204)
• References (p.1214)
• 125 Special Ablation Approaches: (p.1217)
• References (p.1226)
• 126 Ablation in Pediatrics (p.1231)
• References (p.1238)
• 127 Catheter Ablation in Congenital Heart Disease (p.1239)
• References (p.1248)
• 128 Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation and Other SVTs (p.1249)
• References (p.1258)
• 129 Surgery for Ventricular Arrhythmias (p.1260)
• References (p.1267)
• 130 Vagal Stimulation for Heart Failure (p.1269)
• References (p.1274)
• 131 Spinal Cord Stimulation for Heart Failure and Arrhythmias (p.1275)
• References (p.1278)
• 132 Left Atrial Occluders/Isolation (p.1279)
• References (p.1285)
• Index (p.1287)
• ... and 2477 more chapters

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