The Laboratory Mouse, 3rd Edition

By Mark A. Suckow, Sara Hashway and Kathleen R. Pritchett-Corning

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Table of Contents

• Contents (p.6)
• Contributors (p.12)
• Preface (p.16)
• 1 - Historical Foundations (p.22)
• References (p.60)
• 2 - Taxonomy and Stocks and Strains (p.66)
• 1 Standard Inbred Strains (p.72)
• 2 Coisogenic and Congenic Strains (p.72)
• 3 Consomic or Chromosome Substitution Strains (p.86)
• 4 Conplastic Strains (p.86)
• 5 Recombinant Inbred Strains (p.87)
• 6 Genetically Modified Rats (p.87)
• 1 Standard Inbred Strains (p.89)
• 2 F1 Hybrids (p.90)
• 3 Coisogenic Strains (p.90)
• 4 Congenic Strains (p.90)
• 4 Consomic Strains (p.90)
• 5 Conplastic Strains (p.90)
• 6 Recombinant Inbred Strains (p.90)
• 7 Genetically Modified Rats (p.90)
• References (p.91)
• 3 - Translational Potential of Rats in Research (p.96)
• References (p.102)
• 4 - Functional Anatomy and Physiology (p.110)
• 1 Sight and the Eye (p.115)
• 2 Olfaction (p.119)
• 3 Taste (p.120)
• 4 Hearing and Vestibular Function (p.120)
• 5 Touch (p.121)
• References (p.141)
• 5 - Clinical Pathology of the Rat (p.152)
• 1 Anemia of Chronic Disease (p.159)
• 2 Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Destruction/Removal of Red Blood Cells (p.159)
• 3 Oxidant Injury (p.160)
• 4 Plasmodium berghei-Induced Anemia (p.160)
• 5 Hereditary Anemias (p.160)
• 6 Howell–Jolly Bodies (p.160)
• 7 Poikilocytosis (p.160)
• 1 Hepatocellular Disease (p.161)
• 2 Cholestatic/Hepatobiliary Disease (p.161)
• 3 Inherited Models of Hyperbilirubinemia (p.161)
• 4 Hepatocellular Hypertrophy (p.161)
• 5 Emerging Biomarkers of Liver Injury (p.162)
• References (p.168)
• 6 - Reproduction and Breeding (p.176)
• 1 Cycle Description (p.177)
• 2 Estrous Cycle Stage Identification (p.178)
• 3 Estrous Synchronization (p.179)
• 1 Breeding (p.187)
• 2 Inbred Strains (p.190)
• 3 Outbred Stocks (p.190)
• 4 Consideration for Genetically Manipulated Lines (p.191)
• 1 Animal Identification (p.191)
• 2 Record-Keeping Tools (p.191)
• 3 Colony Record-Keeping Requirements (p.194)
• References (p.194)
• 7 - Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Genetic Modifications in Rats (p.200)
• 1 Recovery from Female Rats (p.201)
• 2 Recovery from Male Rats (p.203)
• 1 In Vitro Fertilization (p.205)
• 2 Micro-insemination (p.206)
• 3 Artificial Insemination (p.207)
• 4 In Vitro Embryo Culture (p.207)
• 1 Vasectomy (p.208)
• 2 Establishment of Pseudopregnant Females (p.208)
• 3 Recipient Synchronization (p.209)
• 4 Surgical Embryo Transfer (p.209)
• 5 Nonsurgical Embryo Transfer (p.209)
• 1 Pronuclear Injection (p.214)
• 2 Transposition-Mediated Gene Delivery (p.215)
• 3 Viral Vector–Mediated Gene Delivery (p.216)
• 4 Sperm-Mediated Gene Delivery via Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (p.217)
• 5 Spermatogonial Stem Cell-Mediated Gene Delivery (p.217)
• 1 Embryonic Stem Cell Technology (p.217)
• 2 N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea-Induced Mutagenesis (p.219)
• 3 Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (p.220)
• 4 Gene Knockout Technologies (p.222)
• 5 Novel Gene Editing Technologies by Endonucleases (p.223)
• References (p.226)
• 8 - Analysis of Behavior in Laboratory Rats1 (p.234)
• 1 Example of Video-Based Behavioral Analysis (p.236)
• References (p.257)
• 9 - Nutrition (p.262)
• 1 Macrominerals (p.274)
• 2 Microminerals (p.281)
• 1 Fat-Soluble Vitamins (p.295)
• 2 Water-Soluble Vitamins (p.299)
• 1 Meal Feeding (p.319)
• 2 Pair Feeding (p.319)
• 1 Fructose Feeding (p.322)
• 2 High-Fat Diets (p.323)
• 3 Very High-Fat Diets (p.323)
• 4 High-Fat and High-Sugar Diets (p.323)
• 5 Metabolic Syndrome Control Diets (p.324)
• References (p.334)
• 10 - Housing and Environment (p.368)
• 1 Isolation Caging (p.374)
• 1 Individual Versus Group Housing (p.379)
• References (p.416)
• 11 - Medical Management and Diagnostic Approaches (p.440)
• 1 Random Testing of Resident Animals (p.444)
• 2 Targeted Sentinel Programs (p.445)
• 3 Vendor Screening (p.447)
• 4 Quarantine (p.447)
• 5 Screening of Imported Biological Materials (p.448)
• 1 General Test Performance Guidelines (p.449)
• 2 Testing Methodologies (p.450)
• 3 Tissue Preparation (p.457)
• 4 Interfacing the Rat Necropsy With the Microscopic Evaluation of Tissues (p.458)
• 5 Screening of Tissue by Histology for Lesions of Infectious Disease (p.458)
• References (p.466)
• 12 - Bacterial, Mycoplasmal, and Mycotic Infections (p.470)
• 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae (p.482)
• 2 The β-Hemolytic Streptococci (p.484)
• 3 Enterococcus sp. Infection (p.485)
• 1 Rodentibacter pneumotropicus, Rodentibacter heylii (syn. Pasteurella pneumotropica) (p.509)
• 2 Muribacter muris (Actinobacillus muris) (p.512)
• 3 Rodentibacter heidelbergensis and Rodentibacter trehalosifermentans (Haemophilus) (p.513)
• 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca (p.514)
• 2 Bordetella bronchiseptica (p.515)
• 3 Staphylococcus aureus (p.516)
• 1 Mycoplasma neurolyticum (p.522)
• 2 Mycoplasma volis (p.522)
• References (p.531)
• 13 - Viral Disease (p.560)
• 1 Clinical Signs (p.562)
• 2 Epidemiology (p.563)
• 3 Pathology and Pathogenesis (p.564)
• 4 Diagnosis (p.566)
• 5 Control and Prevention (p.566)
• 6 Interference with Research (p.566)
• 1 Clinical Signs (p.569)
• 2 Epidemiology (p.569)
• 3 Pathology and Pathogenesis (p.570)
• 4 Diagnosis (p.572)
• 5 Differential Diagnosis (p.572)
• 6 Control and Prevention (p.572)
• 7 Interference with Research (p.573)
• 8 Rat Coronavirus as a Model of Respiratory Viral Infection (p.573)
• 9 Emergence of Novel Rat Coronaviruses (p.573)
• 1 Sendai Virus (p.575)
• 2 Other Paramyxoviruses (p.577)
• 1 Cardioviruses (p.577)
• 2 Other Picornaviruses (p.578)
• 1 Reovirus (p.578)
• 2 Rotavirus (p.578)
• References (p.579)
• 14 - Parasitic Diseases (p.588)
• 1 Trypanosoma lewisi (p.589)
• 1 Hepatozoon muris (p.590)
• 2 Toxoplasma gondii (p.590)
• 3 Hammondia hammondi (p.592)
• 4 Sarcocystis spp. (p.592)
• 5 Frenkelia spp. (p.593)
• 1 Trichinella spiralis (p.593)
• 2 Calodium hepaticum (p.594)
• 3 Trichosomoides crassicauda (p.596)
• 4 Gongylonema neoplasticum (p.597)
• 1 Taenia taeniaeformis (Cysticercus fasciolaris) (p.597)
• 1 Giardia muris (p.598)
• 2 Spironucleus (Hexamita) muris (p.599)
• 3 Hexamastix muris (p.599)
• 4 Chilomastix bettencourti (p.600)
• 5 Tritrichomonas muris (p.600)
• 6 Tritrichomonas minuta (p.600)
• 7 Tetratrichomonas microti (p.600)
• 8 Pentatrichomonas hominis (p.600)
• 1 Eimeria nieschulzi (p.600)
• 2 Eimeria spp. (p.601)
• 1 Entamoeba muris (p.601)
• 1 Balantidium coli (p.601)
• 1 Syphacia muris (p.602)
• 2 Syphacia obvelata (p.604)
• 3 Aspiculuris tetraptera (p.604)
• 4 Heterakis spumosa (p.605)
• 1 Rodentolepis nana (p.605)
• 2 Hymenolepis diminuta (p.606)
• 1 Polyplax spinulosa (p.607)
• 1 Radfordia ensifera (p.608)
• 2 Notoedres muris (p.608)
• 3 Mesostigmatid Mites (p.609)
• References (p.612)
• 15 - Neoplastic Disease (p.620)
• 1 Adrenal Cortex (p.647)
• 2 Adrenal Medulla (p.647)
• References (p.661)
• 16 - Metabolic, Traumatic, and Miscellaneous Diseases (p.670)
• References (p.703)
• 17 - Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia (p.718)
• 1 Duration of Anesthesia (p.718)
• 2 Procedure Invasiveness and Pain Potential (p.718)
• 3 Training and Expertise (p.719)
• 4 Age and Concurrent Disease (p.719)
• 5 Experimental Constraints (p.719)
• 1 Health Status (p.719)
• 2 Fasting (p.720)
• 3 Preanesthetic Drugs (p.720)
• 4 Medical Records (p.720)
• 1 Anesthesia Recovery (p.720)
• 1 Anticholinergics (p.724)
• 2 Sedatives and Tranquilizers (p.724)
• 1 Anesthesia Machines (p.726)
• 2 Ancillary Equipment (p.726)
• 3 Waste Gas Scavenging (p.727)
• 4 Endotracheal Intubation (p.728)
• 1 Pentobarbital (p.732)
• 2 Thiopental (p.732)
• 3 Methohexital (p.733)
• 4 Thiobutabarbital (Inactin) (p.733)
• 1 Ketamine (p.733)
• 2 Tiletamine/Zolazepam (p.734)
• 1 α-Chloralose (p.736)
• 2 Alphaxalone/Alphadolone (Saffan, Althesin) (p.736)
• 3 Chloral Hydrate (p.737)
• 4 Propofol (p.737)
• 5 Tribromoethanol (p.737)
• 6 Urethane (Ethyl Carbamate) (p.737)
• 1 Opioids (p.742)
• 2 Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (p.745)
• 3 Local Anesthetics (p.747)
• 4 Miscellaneous Drugs (p.748)
• 1 Physical Methods (p.749)
• 2 Injectable Methods (p.751)
• 3 Inhalation Methods (p.751)
• 4 Volatile Anesthetics (p.753)
• 5 Neonates/Fetal Animals (p.753)
• 6 Unacceptable Methods (p.754)
• 7 Practicalities That Apply to all Methods (p.754)
• 8 Summary/Conclusion (p.754)
• References (p.754)
• 18 - Care of Surgical and Other Fragile Models (p.766)
• 1 Health Status (p.766)
• 2 Medical Records (p.766)
• 3 Fasting (p.767)
• 4 Preanesthetic Drugs (p.767)
• 5 Surgical Preparation and Asepsis (p.767)
• 1 Monitoring (p.769)
• 2 Intraoperative Support (p.771)
• 1 Anesthesia Recovery (p.772)
• 2 Surgical Recovery (p.773)
• 1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy (p.776)
• 2 Hypertension and Stroke (p.776)
• 3 Myocardial Infarction (p.777)
• 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome (p.777)
• 2 Hypoadrenocorticism (p.777)
• 3 Hypothyroidism/Hypoparathyroidism (p.778)
• 4 Osteoporosis (p.778)
• 1 Rheumatoid Arthritis (p.779)
• 1 Neurodegenerative Disease (p.779)
• 2 Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Injury (p.780)
• 1 Cranial Implants (p.782)
• 2 Chronic Indwelling Catheters and Vascular Access Ports (p.782)
• 3 Osmotic Pumps (p.783)
• 4 Telemetry Devices (p.783)
• References (p.783)
• 19 - General Experimental Techniques (p.790)
• 1 Cardiac Puncture (p.796)
• 2 Orbital Plexus (p.796)
• 3 Dorsal Metatarsal Vein (p.797)
• 4 Saphenous Vein (p.798)
• 5 Tail Vein (p.798)
• 6 Jugular Vein (p.799)
• 7 Carotid Artery (p.800)
• 8 Decapitation (p.800)
• 9 Other Techniques (p.801)
• 1 Manual Expression and Free Catch (p.801)
• 2 Cystocentesis (p.801)
• 3 Catheterization, Cystotomy, and Cannulation (p.801)
• 4 Other Methods (p.802)
• 1 Ova and Embryos (p.806)
• 2 Vaginal Fluids and Cells (p.806)
• 3 Milk (p.807)
• 1 Direct Collection (p.809)
• 2 Cannulation Techniques (p.810)
• 3 Removal of Salivary Glands at Necropsy (p.810)
• 1 Gavage (p.810)
• 2 Pilling (p.811)
• 3 Surgical Cannulation (p.811)
• 4 Syringe Feeding (p.811)
• 5 Medicated Diets or Food Treats (p.811)
• 6 Administration in Drinking Water (p.812)
• 1 Lateral Tail Vein (p.812)
• 2 Infusion via Chronic Indwelling Catheters (p.812)
• 3 Lingual Vein (p.813)
• 4 Dorsal Vein of the Penis (p.813)
• 5 Other Intravenous Injection Techniques (p.814)
• 1 Blood Pressure Determination (p.816)
• 2 Blood and Plasma Volume Determination (p.816)
• 3 Electrocardiographic Techniques (p.817)
• 1 Electroencephalography (p.817)
• 2 Peripheral Nerve Conduction Velocity (p.817)
• 3 Evoked Potentials (p.817)
• 4 Brain Imaging (p.818)
• References (p.819)
• 20 - Integrating Biology With Rat Genomic Tools (p.830)
• 1 PhenoMiner (p.838)
• 2 OLGA (p.838)
• 3 Variant Visualizer (p.838)
• 4 Pathways (p.838)
• References (p.840)
• 21 - Gnotobiotics and the Microbiome (p.846)
• 1 LOBUND (p.856)
• 2 Karolinska Institutet (p.857)
• 3 University of Wisconsin (p.857)
• 4 Commercial Suppliers (p.857)
• 5 Others (p.857)
• 1 Colon Cancer (p.858)
• 2 Breast and Prostate Cancers (p.858)
• 3 Leukemia (p.858)
• 4 Urethral Cancer (p.858)
• 5 Endocrine Cancer (p.858)
• References (p.862)
• 22 - Toxicology (p.868)
• References (p.879)
• 23 - Embryology and Teratology (p.882)
• 1 Fertilization (p.882)
• 2 Cleavage/Morula Formation (p.883)
• 3 Blastocyst (p.884)
• 4 Yolk Sac Placenta Development (p.885)
• 1 Neurulation and Early Central Nervous System Development (p.888)
• 2 Somite Formation (p.890)
• 3 Cardiovascular System (p.890)
• 4 Urogenital System (p.893)
• 5 Craniofacial Development (p.894)
• 6 Limb Development (p.896)
• 1 Dose Selection (p.899)
• 2 Routes of Administration, Frequency of Dosing, and Dose Volume (p.899)
• 3 In Vivo Observations (p.900)
• 4 Toxicokinetic Parameters (p.900)
• 5 Dam Necropsy and Collection of Fetal and Placental Data (p.900)
• 6 Fetal Evaluations (p.901)
• 7 Evaluation Criteria (p.902)
• 8 Statistical Analysis (p.903)
• References (p.904)
• 24 - Rat Immunology (p.910)
• 1 Organs and Tissues of the Rat's Immune System (p.912)
• 2 Cells and Intercellular Messengers of the Rat's Immune System (p.915)
• 3 Intersections Between Adaptive and Innate Immunity (p.920)
• 1 Biobreeding Diabetes-Prone Rats (BBDP) (p.923)
• 2 Long-Evans Cinnamon Rats (LEC) (p.923)
• 3 Brown Norway Rats (BN) (p.923)
• 4 Lewis Rats (LEW) (p.924)
• 5 Athymic Nude Rat (p.924)
• 6 IL12g-deficient and F344-SCID gamma Rats (p.924)
• 7 Humanized Immune System Rats (p.925)
• 1 Cardiac Transplantation (p.925)
• 2 Kidney Transplantation (p.927)
• 3 Liver Transplantation (p.929)
• 4 Lung Transplantation (p.931)
• 5 Vascularized Composite Allografts (p.931)
• References (p.932)
• 25 - Cardiovascular Research (p.946)
• 1 Myocyte Orientation (p.950)
• 2 Cellular Composition (p.951)
• 3 Myocyte Dimensions (p.951)
• 4 Myocyte Structural Changes During Growth (p.952)
• 1 Historical Development (p.958)
• 2 Hypertension and Complicating Lesions (p.958)
• 3 Mechanism of Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (p.960)
• 4 Pathogenesis of Hypertrophy (p.960)
• 1 Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke Prone Rats (p.960)
• 2 Spontaneously Hypertensive Obese Rats (p.961)
• 3 Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure Rats (p.961)
• 1 Exercise Induced (p.966)
• 2 Aortic Banding (p.966)
• 3 Volume Overload (p.966)
• 4 Thyroxine (p.967)
• 5 Isoproterenol (p.967)
• References (p.973)
• 26 - Rat Models of Alcohol Use Disorder (p.986)
• 1 Bottle Free-choice: Voluntary Oral Alcohol Intake and the Deprivation Effect (p.992)
• 2 Continuous, Intermittent, and Limited Access Models (p.993)
• 3 Alcohol Liquid Diet (p.993)
• 4 Alcohol Vapor Exposure (p.993)
• 1 Operant Alcohol Self-Administration (p.994)
• 2 Progressive-Ratio Schedules of Reinforcement (p.995)
• 3 Self-Administration Despite Punishment (p.995)
• 4 Other Schedules of Reinforcement (p.995)
• 5 Reinstatement of Alcohol Seeking (p.996)
• 1 Conditioned Place Preference (p.998)
• References (p.1000)
• 27 - Rat Models of Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes (p.1006)
• 1 Single-Nutrition-Enriched Foods: Fat, Sucrose, and Fructose (p.1007)
• 2 Dietary Variety: Cafeteria Diet (p.1007)
• 1 Obese Zucker Rat (p.1008)
• 2 Wistar-Kyoto Fatty Rat (p.1009)
• 3 Obese Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (p.1009)
• 4 Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rat (p.1009)
• 1 The University of California Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat (p.1009)
• 2 Obese Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat/Koletsky Rat (p.1009)
• 3 Nile Grass Rat (p.1010)
• 4 SHRSP Fatty (fa/fa) Rat (p.1010)
• 5 Dahl S.Z-Lepr(fa)/Lepr(fa) Rat (p.1010)
• 1 High-Fat Diet (p.1010)
• 2 High-Sucrose/High Fat Diet (p.1010)
• 3 High-Sucrose and High-Fructose Diets (p.1010)
• 4 Cafeteria Diet (p.1011)
• 1 Chemical Ablation Models of T1DM (p.1012)
• 2 Models of Spontaneous T1DM (p.1012)
• 3 Other Models of Induced T1DM (p.1013)
• 1 Induced Models of T2DM (p.1014)
• 2 Spontaneous Obese Models of T2DM (p.1014)
• 3 Nonobese Models of T2DM (p.1015)
• 1 Placental Insufficiency Models (p.1016)
• 2 Models Involving Maternal and Fetal Malnutrition (p.1016)
• References (p.1017)
• 28 - The Rat in Neuroscience Research (p.1022)
• 1 Brain Regions and Neurotransmitters Involved in Anxiety and Depression (p.1022)
• 2 Behavioral Tests for Evaluating Anxiety and Depression (p.1023)
• 3 Rat Models of Anxiety and Depression (p.1024)
• 1 Brain Regions and Neurotransmitters Involved in PTSD (p.1025)
• 2 Models of PTSD (p.1026)
• 1 Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Injection (p.1028)
• 2 Aluminum Chloride (p.1029)
• 3 Aβ Intracerebral Infusions (p.1030)
• 4 Adeno-Associated Virus Transduction With β-Amyloid Variants (p.1030)
• 5 Transgenic Rat (TgF344-AD) (p.1030)
• 6 Sex Differences in AD Pathology in Rats (p.1031)
• 1 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (p.1031)
• 2 6-Hydroxydopamine (p.1031)
• 3 Rotenone (p.1031)
• 4 Paraquat (p.1032)
• 5 Sex Differences in Rat Models of PD (p.1032)
• 1 Chemically Induced Inflammatory Pain (p.1034)
• 2 Cancer-Induced Bone Pain (p.1034)
• 3 Migraine (p.1035)
• 4 Neuropathic Pain (p.1035)
• 5 Osteoarthritis (p.1035)
• 6 Visceral Pain (p.1035)
• References (p.1036)
• 29 - Rat Models of Central Nervous System Injury (p.1042)
• 1 Contusion (p.1046)
• 2 Compression (p.1049)
• 3 Distraction and Dislocation (p.1051)
• 4 Transection/Laceration (p.1052)
• 5 Other Techniques (p.1054)
• 1 Motor Function (p.1055)
• 2 Sensory Testing and Neuropathic Pain (p.1057)
• 3 Impact of Environmental Enrichment (p.1058)
• 4 Electrophysiology (p.1058)
• 5 Autonomic Testing (p.1059)
• 6 Imaging (p.1060)
• 7 Microscopic Tissue Analysis (p.1060)
• 1 Preinjury (p.1061)
• 2 Injury Procedure (p.1062)
• 3 Postinjury (p.1063)
• 1 Fluid Percussion Injury—Lateral and Midline (p.1066)
• 2 Controlled Cortical Impact (p.1067)
• 3 Penetrating (p.1068)
• 4 Weight Drop (p.1069)
• 5 Blast TBI (p.1070)
• 6 Rotation (p.1071)
• 1 Behavioral Tests (p.1072)
• 1 Preinjury (p.1077)
• 2 Injury Procedure (p.1077)
• 3 Postinjury (p.1078)
• 1 Caution in Interpreting Results from Rodent Studies and Extrapolating to Human Conditions (p.1078)
• 2 Common Data Elements and Standardization of Practice in the Field (p.1079)
• 3 Moving Forward: The Role of Rodent Models in CNS Trauma Research (p.1079)
• References (p.1079)
• 30 - Use of the Rat as a Model in Regenerative Medicine (p.1096)
• 1 Surgical (p.1097)
• 2 Chemical (p.1098)
• 3 Genetic (p.1099)
• 1 Recent Advances: Hepatocyte Transplantation (p.1099)
• 2 Emerging Therapies (p.1100)
• 1 Myocardial Infarction (p.1101)
• 2 Congenital Defects (p.1101)
• 1 Contusion (p.1105)
• 2 Compression (p.1105)
• 3 Transections (p.1105)
• 4 Incomplete Transection (p.1105)
• 5 Complete Transection (p.1105)
• 1 Motor Training (p.1106)
• 2 Electrical Epidural Stimulation (p.1107)
• 3 Cell Therapy (p.1108)
• 4 Biomaterials (p.1108)
• 5 Future Directions (p.1108)
• 1 Behavioral Alterations in the 6-OHDA Model (p.1110)
• 1 Endochondral Ossification (p.1113)
• 2 Intramembranous Ossification (p.1114)
• References (p.1116)
• 31 - Rat Models of Infectious Disease (p.1126)
• 1 Arboviral Encephalitis: Flaviviruses in Infant Rats (p.1129)
• 2 Rabies (p.1129)
• 1 General Considerations (p.1133)
• 2 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (p.1133)
• 3 Influenza (p.1134)
• 4 Metapneumovirus (p.1135)
• 1 Contact Lens Keratitis (p.1141)
• 2 Vascular and Soft Tissue Implants (p.1141)
• 3 Periodontitis (p.1142)
• 1 Oral and Invasive Candidiasis (p.1143)
• 2 Hepatitis C and Hepatitis C-Like Viruses (p.1143)
• 1 Pyelonephritis (p.1144)
• 2 Epididymitis (p.1144)
• 3 Prostatitis (p.1145)
• 4 Vaginosis/Vaginitis (p.1145)
• References (p.1147)
• Index (p.1154)
• ... and 822 more chapters

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